Do all perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes?

Not necessarily, the more correct definition is opposite reciprocal slopes.

The example used is how horizontal and vertical lines are parallel. Horizontal lines have a slope of 0, also written as 0/1. However, vertical lines have an undefined slope, which isn't necessarily negative. It has a slope of 1/0, which is undefined. In this case, the reciprocal isn't negative.

In all other cases (1 and - 1, 2 and - 1/2, etc.) yes, the perpendicular pairs are negative and reciprocal.