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25 October, 08:28

One object is at rest, and another is moving. The two collide in a one-dimensional, completely inelastic collision. In other words, they stick together after the collision and move off with a common velocity. Momentum is conserved. The speed of the object that is moving initially is 29 m/s. The masses of the two objects are 3.2 and 7.1 kg. Determine the final speed of the two-object system after the collision for the case (a) when the large-mass object is the one moving initially and the case (b) when the small-mass object is the one moving initially

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  1. 25 October, 10:09
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    a) The final velocity is 20 m/s when the large-mass object is the one moving initially.

    b) The final velocity is 9.0 m/s when the small-mass object is the one moving initially.

    Explanation:

    The momentum of the system is calculated as the sum of the momenta of each object. Each momentum is calculated as follows:

    p = m · v

    Where:

    p = momentum.

    m = mass.

    v = velocity.

    Then, the momentum of the system is the following:

    m1 · v1 + m2 · v2 = (m1 + m2) · v

    Where:

    m1 = mass of the bigger object.

    v1 = velocity of the bigger object.

    m2 = mass of the smaller object.

    v2 = velocity of the smaller object.

    v = final velocity of the two objects after the collision.

    Solving the equation for the final velocity:

    (m1 · v1 + m2 · v2) / (m1 + m2) = v

    a) Let's calculate the final velocity when the bigger object is moving:

    (7.1 kg · 29 m/s + 3.2 kg · 0) / (7.1 kg + 3.2 kg) = v

    v = 20 m/s

    b) When the smaller object is moving:

    (7.1 kg · 0 m/s + 3.2 kg · 29 m/s) / (7.1 kg + 3.2 kg) = v

    v = 9.0 m/s
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