The position of an electron is given by, with t in seconds and in meters. At t = 3.99 s, what are (a) the x-component, (b) the y-component, (c) the magnitude, and (d) the angle relative to the positive direction of the x axis, of the electron's velocity (give the angle in the range (-180°, 180°]) ?

A. Vx = 3.63 m/s

B. Vy = - 45.73 m/s

C. |V| = 45.87 m/s

D. θ = - 85.46°

Explanation:

Given that position, r, is given as:

r = 3.63tˆi - 5.73t^2ˆj + 8.16ˆk

Velocity is the derivative of position, r:

V = dr/dt = 3.63 - 11.46t^j

A. x component of velocity, Vx = 3.63 m/s

B. y component of velocity, Vy = - 11.46t

t = 3.99 secs,

Vy = - 11.46 * 3.99 = - 45.73 m/s

C. Magnitude of velocity, |V| = √[ (-45.73) ² + 3.63²]

|V| = √ (2091.2329 + 13.1769)

|V| = √ (2104.4098)

|V| = 45.87 m/s

D. Angle of the velocity relative to the x axis, θ is given as:

tanθ = Vy/Vx

tanθ = - 45.73/3.63

tanθ = - 12.6

θ = - 85.46°