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6 May, 10:08

Electron guns are used in X-ray tubes. The electrons are accelerated through a relatively large voltage and directed onto a metal target, producing X-rays. (a) How many electrons per second strike the target if the current is 0.500 mA? (b) What charge strikes the target in 0.750 s?

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  1. 6 May, 10:45
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    (a) Number of electrons per second strike the target is 3.125 x 10¹⁵.

    (b) Charge that strikes the target in 0.750 s is 3.75 x 10⁻⁴ C.

    Explanation:

    (a) Let n be the number of electrons per second strike the target. We know that current (I) is given by the relation:

    I = n x e

    Here e is charge of electron.

    Substitute 0.500 x 10⁻³ A for I and 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C for e in the above equation.

    0.500 x 10⁻³ = n x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹

    n = 3.125 x 10¹⁵

    (b) Let q be the charge that strikes the target. We know that:

    q = I x t

    Here I is current and t is time.

    Substitute 0.500 x 10⁻³ A for I and 0.750 s for t in the above equation,

    q = 0.500 x 10⁻³ x 0.750

    q = 3.75 x 10⁻⁴ C
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