What did James Madison foresee as an important element of the political system?

a. Hyperpluralism

b. Social movements

c. Interest groups

d. Lobbying

An important element of the political system as foreseen by James Madison is Interest groups.

Option c

Explanation:

The group of people with specific political interest is known as political interest group. Many efforts are organized to influence laws and policies of government. These political groups pass laws which benefits their own political group. This group can also be known as special interest group or advocacy groups.

The main purpose of Interest group is to influence public group. The work done by them is to educate the public and also policy makers and their issues. Many ways to fund their causes is also found. The function of interest group is to influence the policy of public in its favor.