The larger the push, the larger the change in velocity. This is an example of Newton's Second Law of Motion which states that the acceleration an object experiences is

According to Newton's 2nd law

The force acting on a body produces acceleration in its direction which is directly propotional to the force but inversly propotinal to the mass of tbe body.

Explanation:

a = F/m

F = ma

Where (F) is force (m) is mass and (a) is acceleration.