Vertically polarized light with an average intensity of is incident on a polarizer whose transmission axis makes an angle of 30o with respect to the horizontal. What is the average intensity of the light that is transmitted through the polarizer?

Average intensity of incident light I₀.

intensity of transmitted light

I = I₀ cos²θ

if angle between transmission axis and angle of polarization of incident light be θ

In the given case

θ = 90 - angle the transmission axis makes with horizontal

= 90 - 30

= 60°

I = I₀ cos²θ

= I₀ cos²60

= I₀ / 4