Principles of cognitive learning theory most strongly emphasize which of the following

I believe the correct answer is: prior knowledge.

Cognitive theories are the studies of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking, which is why they most strongly emphasize the principles of prior knowledge. The most influential scientist in area of cognitive theories was Jean Piaget who stated that babies are born with memory of the prenatal period and have primitive intelligence. This two facts are very important base (prior knowledge) for later learning which he divided in four stages: Sensorimotor stage, Preoperational stage, Concrete operational stage and Formal operational stage.