What is a ""peak shift"" effect? Describe the conditions in which it is observed (what sort of training will produce such effect). What is a possible explanation for this phenomenon (according to Spence) ? Speculate on what might be the adaptive value of this phenomenon.

Peak shift is a behavioral response bias arising from discrimination learning in which animals display a directional, but a limited, preference for, or avoidance of unusual stimuli. It's hypothesized evolutionary relevance has been primarily in the realm of aposematic coloration and limited sex dimorphism.

The analysis of the condition which behavioral contrast and peak shift occur suggested that both phenomenon were by-products of emotional responses that resulted from response suppression and that their disappearance after extended discrimination training could be attributed to the dissipation of such emotional response.

Answer and Explanation:

Peak shift is a behavioral response bias arising from discrimination learning in which animals display a directional, but a limited, preference for, or avoidance of unusual stimuli. It's hypothesized evolutionary relevance has been primarily in the realm of aposematic coloration and limited sex dimorphism.

The analysis of the condition which behavioral contrast and peak shift occur suggested that both phenomenon were by-products of emotional responses that resulted from response suppression and that their disappearance after extended discrimination training could be attributed to the dissipation of such emotional response.