What types of sentences are designed to require a certain penalty upon conviction in order to guarantee that offenders do not escape punishment? a. mandatory sentences b. indeterminate sentences c. determinate sentences d. none of the above

a. mandatory sentences

Explanation:

Mandatory sentences is a type of sentence which a judicial officer is required to impose regardless of the circumstances of the offense. It is to ensure that the offender does not escape punishment. Mandatory sentencing requires that offenders serve a predefined term for a specific crime and the judge does not have the discretion to increase or reduce the sentence. It is fixed for a particular crime by the law.