The theory whereby government ensures that institutions do not assume powers delegated to another institution is known as:

A. The Constitution

B. Checks and Balances

C. The Bill of Rights

D. National Supremacy

B. Checks and Balances

Explanation:

The theory in which governments powers are divided, so one does not over throne the other is called check and balances.

This theory cons from the the philosopher and law student Montesquieu who believed that the three branches of powers should be separated and and they should control each other in check and balance system in order to avoid exploit of powers.

He divided power in three branches: the legislative power, the executive power and the judging power.

The first one was the power to make the law, the second one was the power to execute to the law and the third power was the power to control that the law was followed.

This theory spread from France towards all the word and it's now the the major theory when it comes to power separation in the western world.