Name the single individual whose work in the mid-1800s contributed to our understanding of the particulate nature of inheritance as well as the basic genetic transmission patterns. With which organism did this person work?

The correct response is Gregor Mendel; He worked with Pisum sativum.

Explanation:

Gregor Mendel's trait inheritance experiments were carried out using different varieties of Pisum sativum or the pea plant. Mendel's experiments resulted in the development of three foundational principles of inheritance: the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment. Mendel found that some plant traits were dominant and some plant traits were recessive because he would cross plants with different colored flowers and red would be dominant over white, for example. His law of segregation explained why the offspring of hybrids would have either red or white flowers because the different genes separate pass into different gametes formed by a hybrid and then go to different individuals in the offspring of the hybrid. In the law of independent assortment, Mendel demonstrated that the allele for one gene does not influence the allele another gene receives. When two traits are observed together there can be a number of combinations in inheritance: red flowers and round seeds for example, and red flowers but wrinkled seeds.