Dr. Moffat is a fictional sociologist who specializes in the study of parenting. Dr. Moffat's most well-known book looks at how parents participate in children's education. Dr. Moffat argues that parents are more likely to push children harder if they are male, and to encourage male children to pursue harder - and eventually more high-paying - fields like math and science. He argues that the pay differences that we find between men and women generally, and men and women within the same field, can be traced back to these tendencies in parenting. Dr. Moffat's work most closely falls into which of the theoretical frameworks mentioned by your text?

conflict theory

Explanation:

Conflict theory was concepted by Karl Marx. He claimed that society is in the state of a perpetual conflict as there is a competition for the limited resources available in the society. It says that the social order is caused by power and domination, rather than conformity and consensus.

In the context, Dr. Moffat, who is a fictional sociologist is doing a study in parenting. He claims that parents tend to push hard their sons in the education and career more than their daughters. Because of that there is a differences in pay among men and women within the same field also.

Thus, Dr. Moffat's study falls in the conflict theory frameworks where he claims that there is always a conflict between the men and women in the society and this is greatly influenced by the parenting practice.

Hence the answer is Conflict theory