Charles Darwin suggested that, rather than being superior to the rest of the animal kingdom, human beings are simply one part of a larger system governed by natural laws. This radically changed how people thought about almost everything. What would we call this?

This is called a paradigm shift.

Explanation:

Paradigm Shift is an expression used by Thomas Kuhn in his 1962 book Structure of Scientific Revolutions to describe a change in basic conceptions, or paradigms, within the mainstream scientific theory. Its a change in the previous value system, practices, and beliefs, which is replaced by a new view.