Which of the following sources of error is included in the margin of error a chance variation in choosing a random sample. b undercoverage. c some of the subjects did not understand the questions. d voluntary response. e all of the above.

Question

Social Studies

Draven Grant

5 January, 11:56

Which of the following sources of error is included in the margin of error a chance variation in choosing a random sample. b undercoverage. c some of the subjects did not understand the questions. d voluntary response. e all of the above.

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Answers (1)

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Johnathan Reynolds · Answer 1

Option "a."

Explanation:

Margin of error is calculated as critical value x standard error. Thr standard error, or standard deviation, includes the range of values that deviate both above and below a sample. This standard deviation is the level of errors that come from random sampling. A higher margin of error would indicate that the sample being analyzed has a lower likelihood of accurately representing the population. A smaller margin of error would indicate that the one can have a higher confidence in the sample being an accurate representative of the polulation.

Therefore, a chance variation in selecting a random sample is a critical component of the margin of error. Other options mentioned do affect a survey but cannot be included in the margin of error. Hence, option a. is the correct answer.