For this quiz write a short answer describing how hormones (or other signaling molecules) can have different effects on different cells. Include a discussion of receptors and synergy.

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Hormones are marked chemical substances, they are synthesized by a type of cells specialized in the endocrine glands, before being released into the bloodstream. Blood transports them to the organs where they exert their specific biological and physiological effects. The hormones are synthesized from precursors and stored in glandular cells before being released into the bloodstream. Some are transported in association with plasma proteins to which they are reversibly bound. The hormones and their degradation products are eliminated through the kidneys.

In effector tissues are effector cells that received the hormonal signal. These hormone receptor receptor cells that will bind hormones. The binding of the hormone passes the information to the cell and triggers a response. There are two different ways in which a message can be transmitted from a hormone to the effector cell, for example, lipophilic hormones enter the cell and exert their effect on the nucleus, while hydrophilic hormones act on the cell membrane. Lipophilic hormones cross the plasma membrane and bind to specific receptors within the cell. The hormone receptor complex exerts its effect on the transcription of specific genes in the nucleus. The increase or decrease in the synthesis of specific mRNA leads to an alteration in the amount of corresponding proteins. This causes a cellular response to fire. On the other hand, hydrophilic hormones are found in specific receptors outside the cell membrane. This causes the synthesis of the second messengers within the cell to be triggered. It is these second messengers that carry out the cellular response to hormonal action.