Why are there generally more old women than old men in a given population?

There are several biological and social reasons for the greater presence of old women than old men in a given population:

Women have biological advantage, which have had only boosted in modern times. Their mortality rates are generally lower than those of men during every stage of life. Genetically, if the mutation of one X chromosomes takes place, women have the second X chromosome to balance such mutation. In addition to biological reasons, there social factors, such as lifestyle. Women demonstrate higher life expectancy almost everywhere in the world, but on a very different scale. In particular, in India women 0.6 years longer than men, while in Russia the whole 12 years longer. In Russia, alcoholism and smoking is a great issue for male population.