The four types of reinforcement contingencies used by organizations to change employee behavior are: A. extinction, negative consequences, positive reinforcement, punishment B. positive reinforcement, punishment, extermination, negative reinforcement C. internal punishment, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction D. positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction E. none of the above

D. positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction

Explanation:

Organizations employ the above reinforcement "contingencies" when they wish to alter an employee's behaviour that isn't favourable for the company. They make use of:

Positive reinforcement: this reinforcement strengthens desired behaviour by giving a reward to encourage it

Negative reinforcement: this strengthens behaviour by avoiding negative outcomes that may come about with the behavior.

Punishment: this exerts negative consequences for behavior so as to discourage it.

Extinction: this involves disappearance of learned behavior after reinforcement ceases.