When social scientists use population characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, employment, and income to describe groups in society, they are using

Demographics

Explanation:

Demographics is defined as a population characteristics which is been used by Social scientists to talk about age, gender, ethnicity, employment, and income to describe groups in society.

It talks about certain type of data concerning a certain population of a country with the associated groups in the country.

It's main function is to present a certain information related to those group in a different way.