How are positive and negative reinforcement similar, and how are they different? How are positive and negative punishment similar, and how are they different?

Reinforcements tend to increase a conduct. Punishments tend to decrease a conduct.

Explanation:

These are techniques used in Operant Conditioning, which develops certain conducts through the use of reinforcements and punishments.

Let's understand each term:

Reinforcements are used to increase a conduct by adding a pleasant stimulus (positive) or removing an unpleasant stimulus (negative). Punishments are used to decrease a conduct by adding an unpleasant stimulus (positive) or removing a pleasant stimulus (negative).

In conclusion:

Positive and negative reinforcements are similar because they increase a conduct and they are different because they either add a pleasant stimulus (+) or remove (-) an unpleasant stimulus. Positive and negative punishments are similar because they decrease a conduct and they are different because they either add (+) an unpleasant stimulus or remove (-) a pleasant stimulus.

Reinforcements tend to increase a conduct.

Punishments tend to decrease a conduct.