Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

For the first set of options, the correct answer is "A public school system uses race-based segregation"

For the second set of options, the correct answer is "A state law criminalizes intermarriage between white and black citizens"

Explanation:

The Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment mandates all state to govern its people without any form of partiality. This means that no distinctions or segregation should be drawn between two different sets of people of group based on different that are not relevant to the objectives of a legitimate government. In this light, a public system that uses race-based segregation already violates this clause. Also criminalizing marriage between black and white implies that a distinction is drawn between blacks and whites and this is a racial segregation and hence violates the equal protection clause.