The study of the immaculate and long-term consequences of highly stressful events and the factors that affect those consequences is called:

Traumatic stress studies.

Explanation:

In the book 'Human Adaptation to Extreme Stress: From the Holocaust to Vietnam edited by John P. Wilson, Zev Harel, Boaz Kahana, 1988, the authors explore a plethora of research regarding the consequences of such stressful events as war and their impact on victims. In particular, the authors focus on events, consequences and causal factors that influence how sufferers perceive both event and their consequences.

In order to address the subject in a complex way, authors apply the multidisciplinary method and bring into discussion various findings from victimology, post-traumatic stress disorder studies, disaster studies and many more.