What theory of emotion suggests that you experience the emotion (e. g., happiness) as a consequence of some specific activation of the autonomic nervous system?

The correct answer is the James-Lange theory of emotion.

Explanation:

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that emotions are the result of a series of physiological processes. They state that certain enviromental events that are relevant to the individual activates a series of physiological processes of the autonomic system that in turn elicit emotional responses in the individual.

So, the indivual first perceive an external stimulus. 2 - Said stimulus leads to a physiological response and in the end 3 - an emotional reaction is elicited by the individual.

In conclusion, the theory of emotion that suggests that you experience the emotion as a consequence of some specific activation of the autonomic nervous system is called the James-Lange theory of emotion.