The tendency of bystanders to avoid intervening in conflict, even though they would want others to intervene on their behalf, can be best explained by:

A. opponent-process theory.

B. cognitive dissonance theory.

C. drive reduction theory.

D. expectancy-value theory.

B. cognitive dissonance theory is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The tendency of bystanders to avoid intervening in conflict, even though they would want others to intervene on their behalf, can be best explained by: cognitive dissonance theory. Leon Festinger has proposed the cognitive dissonance theory. Cognitive dissonance theory states that people hold a bias to try consonance between their values, expectations, thought and facts. Cognitive dissonance theory is important because it implies that the learners seek to gain consistency between their views, ideas, and different cognitions. When inconsistency happens then they will change their action or attitude to decrease the dissonance.