How much differently did the political landscape of Europe look in the second half of the 19thcentury compared to the first half of the 19th century?

Political landscape of Europe changed considerably in the 19th century. In the earlier part of the 19th century countries were protecting their borders. A lot of new revolutions took place.

Nations were strengthening, growing economically and in size. Whereas, latter part of the 19th century was consumed by clearing the mess of war. Industrialization was at its peak. The world entered a new age and realizations.

Explanation:

Political landscape of Europe changed drastically in the 19th century. Germany became allies with Italian nations.

The industrial revolution had taken place in the earlier parts of the 19th century but at the end of it, nations were completely industrialized. New forms of states were formed and new forms of military and diplomatic alignment was seen.