The major disadvantage of analyzing existing data is a. Validity of measures. b. Inappropriate statistical techniques. c. Errors in coding. d. Reliability of measures. e. Ethical violations.

The correct answer is letter A

Quantitative research, which is predominantly hypothetical-deductive, begins with theory, which should be ideally articulated as a body of laws or universal generalizations. Hence a hypothesis is derived from the theory and tested against the note.