What theoretical approach is linked to the philosophical doctrine of materialism?

The answer is "the social-conflict approach".

The social conflict approach is a way to deal with social theory that contends that society is described by different disparities and clashes that reason individuals to act socially, delivering change.

Society, according to the social conflict approach, isn't amicable. It's not steady. Society doesn't create agreeable balance. Truth be told, it's overflowing with imbalance. So this methodology is extremely about investigating imbalances of race, class, sexual orientation, and ethnicity, and the social clashes which result. Basically, these contentions will result in change, changes that will move society.