An anthropologist who considers the way in which a disease interacts with both human culture and the natural, non-human environment is considered a

The anthropologist described in the question is called medical anthropologist.

A medical anthropologist is someone who studies human health and disease as well as the healthcare systems and the biocultural adaption stemming from these conditions. They are concerned with community health programs in different ethnic groups, which also involve analyzing how different ethnic groups respond to disease prevention and management.