Explain the role of written texts (such as the laws of manu, the talmud, the analects, and the new testament) in universalizing religion. how did these texts reshape social attitudes toward spiritual behavior and identity?

The written texts played an important role in universalizing the religions because they were the most useful way to spread the theological problems, the beliefs and the issues that belonged to the different religious communities. The written texts were easy to carry and share. These text were also important as regards behaviour and identity if we consider, for example, the role of women that is set for different religions, or, how pagans are well seen or totally incorrect depending on the text we read. It other wors, each religion set its own code and it was spread by written texts.