What programs did Stalin create and implement?

The three significant policies implemented by Stalin were:

Socialism in one Country, Collectivisation of Agriculture and the Five Year Plans

Socialism in on country was a response to the ideological position of internationalism. Many Bolsheviks, Lenin and Trotskii included, that the Russian Revolution was doomed to failure unless other, more industrialised, countries also became communist. Stalin changed the state policy from trying to export the revolution to consolidating its gains. This allowed the Soviet Union to build its industries and to concentrate on internal matters - Success.

The aims of collectivisation were three-fold; to create a rural working class - peasants were paid wages (lower than urban workers) and the land and machinery was now owned by the collective. Collectivisation as also designed to modernise farming practises to create a surplus to sell abroad for hard currency and to free up manpower as they wee needed in the new factories; and finally it was designed to break the peasants as a political force. Peasants in the Soviet Union were deeply religious and conservative, and were seen, therefore, as a threat to the regime - the terroristic party The Socialist Revolutionaries had been mostly drawn from the peasantry. Again, like the socialism in one country the policy fulfilled its goals - Success

The Five Year Plans built vast factories in places like Stalingrad, Leningrad and other cities across the Soviet Union. They also built hydro-electric dams, canals, railways and other infrastructural projects. The aim of them was to modernise Soviet industry, to try to bridge the gap between the Western Democracies (including, after 1933 Nazi Germany). The Soviet Union before Stalin was still a backward, almost medieval country, roads were unmade, most people lived in villages in wooden houses and had no electricity, the five year plans changed all that - they created a massive urban working class, most of the country was electrified and in the cities most people lived in new apartments. And, most importantly, they provided the economic, political and social conditions that allowed the country to absorb the Nazi assault beginning in 1941 and to eventually push them all the way back to Berlin - Success.

However, the human cost of the policies was terrible. Industrialisation was harsh - being late for work was an arrestable offence, many were arrested or for "wrecking" - i. e. when a machine broke or when someone made a mistake at work, and political prisoners were used as slaves on many of the big infrastructure projects, notably on the White Sea Canal. The Holodomor - the Ukrainian famine caused by collectivisation killed about 2.5 million, and peasants resented having their land taken from them, but complaining could also lead to arrest, deportation or death