In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, popes called for crusades against

any groups they thought threatened Catholicism.

Catholics living in northern Europe.

powerful kings in France and Spain.

the Mongols who lived in Asia.

In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the crusades were called against every one that people felt were a threat to Catholicism. (the correct answer is " any groups they thought threatened Catholicism.).

For example, there was a Wendish Crussade against Slavs living in today's Germany.

There were also Crussades against the Muslims in Portugal, for example to capture Lisbon.