Indicate two of the several mechanisms by which antibodies directly render

1. neutralization

In neutralization, the antibody will bind to the antigen so that it will not be able to bind to the cells. This will stop the antigen to damaging the cells.

2. agglutination

The antibody will bind to multiple antigens, make them into a big clump that was easier to be phagocytosis. This will make the clearance of antigen become faster.