Name the process responsible for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes

Answer: Symbiogenesis

The process responsible for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes is Symbiogenesis or endosymbiotic theory.

This theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria entering a eukaryotic cell to form a symbiotic relationship.

Among the pieces of evidence supporting symbiogenesis are that new mitochondria and plastids are formed only through binary fission and the striking similarities between bacteria and these organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts). Similarities include 1) They have their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. and 2) both organelles use their DNA to produce many proteins and enzymes required for their function