Middle managers spend most of their time a. on the telephone. b. managing inventory. c. in meetings. d. implementing plans of top managers. e. supervising production employees.

D

Explanation:

Middle-level managers are accountable to carrying out the goals set by top management. They do so by setting goals for their departments and other business units. Middle managers can motivate and assist first-line managers to achieve business objectives. Middle managers may also communicate upward, by offering suggestions and feedback to top managers.