The following system is at equilibrium:

X (s) + 3Y (g) ⇌Z (g)

Classify each of the following actions by whether it causes a leftward shift, a rightward shift, or no shift in the direction of the net reaction.

A. Add more X.

B. Remove some X.

C. Increase the volume.

D. Decrease the volume.

A. Rightward shift.

Adding more X will increase the reactants which will inturn produce more product. i. e rightward.

B. Leftward shift.

Removing X means reducing the reactant and this will reduce the reaction, thereby making the products to reverse back to reactants. i. e leftward.

C. Leftward shift.

Increasing volume means decreasing the pressure. This will make the reaction to proceed to where there is greater volume. i. e leftward.

D. Rightward shift

Decreasing the volume means increasing the pressure. The reaction will proceed to where there is a decrease in volume i. e rightward.