Jane performed the following trials in an experiment.

Trial 1: Heat 80.0 grams of water at 15.0 °C to a final temperature of 65.0 °C.

Trial 2: Heat 80.0 grams of water at 10.0 °C to a final temperature of 65.0 °C.

Which statement is true about the experiments?

a. The same amount of heat is absorbed in both the experiments because the mass is the same.

b. The same amount of heat is absorbed in both the experiments because the final temperature is the same.

c. The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 1,240 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.

d. The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 1,674 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.

d. The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 18420 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1 (16740 J).

Explanation:

The amount of heat absorbed by water (Q) can be calculated from the relation:

Q = m. c.ΔT.

where, Q is the amount of heat absorbed by water,

m is the mass of water,

c is the specific heat capacity of water (c = 4.186 J/g °C),

ΔT is the temperature difference (final T - initial T).

For trial 1:

m = 80.0 g, c = 4.18 J/g °C, ΔT = 65.0 °C - 15.0 °C = 50.0 °C

∴ Q = m. c.ΔT = (80.0 g) (4.18 J/g °C) (50.0 °C) = 16740 J.

For trial 2:

m = 80.0 g, c = 4.18 J/g °C, ΔT = 65.0 °C - 10.0 °C = 55.0 °C

∴ Q = m. c.ΔT = (80.0 g) (4.18 J/g °C) (55.0 °C) = 18420 J.