Hot water (cph = 4188 J/kg·K) with a mass flow rate of 2.5 kg/s at 100°C enters a thin-walled concentric tube counterflow heat exchanger with a surface area of 23 m2 and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 1000 W/m2 ·K. Cold water (cpc = 4178 J/kg·K) with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s enters the heat exchanger at 20°C. Determine
(a) the heat transfer rate for the heat exchanger and
(b) the outlet temperatures of the cold and hot fluids. After a period of operation, the overall heat transfer coefficient is reduced to 500 W/m2 ·K, so determine
(c) the fouling factor that caused the reduction in the overall heat transfer coefficient.
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