Which is the best definition of a wave?

a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another

energy that causes particles in a medium to move up and down

energy that causes particles in a medium to move back and forth

a disturbance that causes energy to move through a medium

Concept:

Wave: It is the disturbance in which the energy is transferred from one place to another place. During the propagation of the wave, medium particles do not move. They vibrate at their position in to and fro form.

In case of the Transverse wave, medium particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave while in case of Longitudinal wave, they vibrate along the direction of the wave.

Hence, the best definition of the wave will be the disturbance that transfers the energy from one place to another place.