Light that is polarized along the vertical direction is incident on a sheet of polarizing material. Only 92% of the intensity of the light passes through the sheet and strikes a second sheet of polarizing material. No light passes through the second sheet. What angle does the transmission axis of the second sheet make with the vertical?

73.5°

Explanation:

I = I₀ Cos²Ф.

.92 = Cos²Ф

Ф = 16.5°

So first sheet makes an angle of 16.5° with the vertical.

Second sheet must be perpendicular to the first one because it blocks the whole light. So second sheet makes an angle of 90 + 16.5 = 106.5° with the vertical. That is 73.5 ° with the vertical. Or it may form an angle of 90-16.5 =

73.5° with the vertical when we consider in counter-clockwise direction.