Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?

Jerome C. Wakefield, psychologist at the School of Social Work at Columbia University criticized the (then popular) definition of psychological disorder as "statistically unexpectable distress or disability". In his view, this definition failed to capture the idea of dysfunction. To Wakefield, a dysfunction is a condition in which some internal mechanism is not functioning in the way it was designed to function. He proposed this definition in 1992.