When a bill is being debated in the senate, what needs to happen so that the bill can be voted on?

When the bill is sent to the Senate, it may be sent to the full committee (just like early in the process when it's at a subcommittee) for review. members can either opt out on voting on the bill and adhere to their legislation or vote to pass and vote to not pass the bill.

if the bill passes with different language, it's sent for review to a conference committee, which is a committee made up of both the House and the Senate. the differences must be agreed upon by all members who are voting on it before the bill is sent to the President for signature ("enrolled").