Mao Zedong launched a movement of great upheaval in the late 1960s known as the ___ to prevent ""revisionism"" and to rekindle enthusiasm for the Chinese communist system.

The Cultural Revolution.

Explanation:

Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) had as one of its top goals to destroy the old, "decadent" traditional Chinese culture, "bourgeois" and landlord culture, which were seen as reactionary. The Communist Party had to foster a new revolutionary culture, a culture of workers and peasants instead. It was a terrible, chaotic and bloody era in China. Millions of people were purged, humilliated in public, and sent to forced labor camps. However, the true objective of Mao was to crush all his political rivals within the party and strengthen his own personal power.