How does the surplus of food lead to the creation of cities and civilizations?

The development of the human population as a civilization is directly associated with the development of food production techniques.

In the past, the civilization of hunters and gatherers lived from these practices. In the development of mankind, subsistence agriculture has emerged. Food production held people to cultivated land and pastures, giving rise to small permanent communities.

Since the division of labor began, several sectors have been improving, mainly agriculture. In this context, the first signs of trade arise, through barter - exchange of one commodity for another.

Until then, the world population was controlled by limitations in production. In the context of the development of commerce the first coins and the first studies on the economy appeared in Adam Smith, Tomas Mautus and David Ricardo.

Mautus had a pessimistic theory in which the population would grow in geometric progression while food production would grow in arithmetic production, which would cause many to starve. Already Ricardo and Smith elaborated theories on the surplus of the earth and on the commerce.

Unlike Mautus' predictions, the development of agricultural technologies, associated with the development of trade, was a watershed. It promoted the increase of the population and consequently the human and technological development, allowing the emergence of Industrial Revolutions until the present day.